Omissions In A Ticket Issuing System

Omissions In A Ticket Issuing System The ticket issuing system does not offer many of the services to facilitate the purchase of tickets. A number of ambiguities and omissions have been found from the given scenario. The scenario given is not clear enough and looks like quite uncertain about the instructions to purchase a ticket. Even the payment procedures do not offer the user to choose the type of payment. The ambiguities and omissions found in the scenario are as follows: The system does not allow customers buy more than one ticket for the same destination at a time. It must prompt the user if the ticket can be purchased one at a time. Customer is more likely to input incorrect destinations and the system should allow user to cancel a request and purchase another ticket. After having input the destination the system will ask the customer to pay and would ask about which type of payment the user prefers. In this case, the system does not indicate as to how to respond if an invalid card is input. It must be able to respond and prompt the user if they try to put their card before selecting a destination. Do the customer need to press the start button if they wish to buy another ticket to a different destination. Or it allows customers with the choice of selecting other destinations between the stations where the machine is located. Ticket system is going to allow customers to input their destination through a touch screen or keyboard. The existing system does not allow the user to view the ticket prices. It is vital to publish the ticket prices accordingly, as customers need to know the amount that they will be charged. It does not show the train departure and arrival times, and whether the customer wishes to buy ticket for a specific train. It must allow customers to choose their seats. Finally, the system should prompt customer to print the receipt which includes the destination details and payment type. A receipt should have been issued to state whether the purchase has been made successfully. In the first paragraph, the system does not check for validation, such as when the user inserts their card, and the validity needs to be checked as to whether the payment could be made form that particular card. According to the second paragraph, when the user clicks on the start button, a menu of potential destinations pop up on the screen, along with a message asking the user to select a destination. Once a destination has been selected, users are prompted to input their credit card. However, the credit cards validity is checked and if the card is good, then user has ed to input a personal identifier as requested by the machine. The ticket is issued when the credit cards transaction has been validated successfully. In the second paragraph, the ticket system prompts the user with potential destinations whereas it could have provided with popular destinations. In such terminals popular destinations are normally displayed to help the user to select his destination quickly. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Usually an Underground or an Over ground cover any destinations which can be reached by interchanging and taking number of trains therefore the user should be able to purchase ticket in order to reach any destination. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ It could have also provided the user with a choice to search from a list of A-Z of stations. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ As mentioned before that there should be two types of payment methods à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The validation procedure involves both: validating the card as to whether the card is still valid in terms of not cancelled by the issuer due to fraud lost/stolen reasons. The second type of validity is the PIN validity. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ If both validations are successful then the issuer must authorise the payment in order to purchase the ticket. 2. Solutions identified To gain a clear and better understanding of the scenario, a more structured approach has been written as follows: User walks to a ticket machine and presses any button to activate a menu which displays a list of popular destinations accompanied by a message to select a destination. User can select their destination if listed in the popular destination; otherwise they can choose to search for their destination from a list of stations in the A-Z of stations. As user finds their desired destination they then can choose to have their preferred type of ticket, this can be such as: first/standard class ticket and/or return/single ticket. Once the destination and the type of ticket is selected the ticket machine prompts the user to make payment. There are two types of payments can be made, likely by card or cash. If the customer chooses to pay by cash, and it can be inserted into the machine in the form of notes or coins. If the exact amount is paid the ticket will be issued, if more than required is paid then the change will be given along with the ticket. If the customer chooses to pay by card as requested by the system, user can insert the card into the terminal. As the card is being inserted the validity of that card is checked with the issuer. Once the card is validated the user is then required to check the amount and enter the PIN in the terminal. The PIN is validated locally and upon correct entry of the PIN the ticket is issued along with the receipt and the cardholders account is charged accordingly with the correct amount. The aim of writing a structured approach gives a more clear understanding of the scenario and shows the events happen as a sequence. 3. User requirements definitions The User Requirement Specification specifies the requirements of the user taking the individual aspects into consideration in terms of ; the facility, equipment, and systems in terms of function, throughput, operability, and applicable standards, which are the functions to be carried out, the data on which the system will operate, and the operating environment. The user requirements for a system should describe the functional and non functional requirements so that they are understandable by system users without any technical knowledge. When we write the user requirement we should not write with technical forms, table or diagrams. We should write in simple language with simple table, forms and diagrams. 4. System Requirements Specifications System requirements specification assist potential users to determine if the system specified meets their needs or how the system must be modified to meet their needs. The system requirements help to consider all of the requirements before design begin. Careful reviews of the requirements reveal omissions, misunderstanding and inconsistencies. System requirements specification should be correct, unambiguous, complete, consistent, verifiable, modifiable, and traceable, specify performance, and define detailed functionality of the system. A specification can be in form of a written document, a set of graphical model, a formal mathematical model, and a collection of usage scenarios, prototype, or any combination of these. However, a standard template should be developed and use for a specification, arguing that this leads to requirements that are presented in a consistent and therefore more understandable manner. The requirement engineer gives final work product produced which is known as specification. It acts as the foundation for subsequent software engineering activities. It describes all the related functions and the performance of a computer based system and the constrains that will govern its development. In the given scenario, we would consider all the omissions and ambiguities. First of all, the system did not provide all the functionality which usually a ticket issuing system should contain. It does not function as it should and does not provide the user with any choice such as to cancel a ticket and buy another one. At times, there are new users who wish to purchase rail ticket from the machine and this system does not guide and provide any kind of help. Function: Issuing Ticket Description: Issuing the ticket when the user select their desired tickets and make the correct money Inputs: Destination, child or Adult, Pay by card or cash Output: Their desired ticket to be issued with their payment receipt Require: Money, form of payment Pre- Condition: Ticket will be validating between the user current place and the selected destination, otherwise user will have to pay the penalty fare. 5. Actions performed in the ticket-issuing system 6. Non-functional requirements The non functional requirements define system properties and constrains for an example reliability, response time and storage requirement. Constraints are I/O device capability, system representation, extra. Process requirement may also be specified mandating a particular CASE system, programming language. This non functional requirement may be more critical than function requirements. If these are not met the system is useless and the non functional requirement can be classified as three type of requirement 6.1 Product requirement these requirement specify that the delivered product must behave in a particular way for example execution speed, and reliability The user interface for Library system shall be implemented as simple HTML without frames or Java applets 6.2. Organisational requirements which are a consequence of organisational policies and procedures example for these, process standard used, implementation requirements The system development process and deliverables defined in XYZCo-SP-Stan-95 6.3. External requirements these could be from factors which are external to the system and its development process example interoperability requirements, legislative requirements. The system shall not disclose any personal information about customer apart from their name and reference number to the operator of the system After we discussed with all above mentioned Non-functional requirements, therefore we considered the product requirements should be determined for especially this scenario which include reliability and response time and should be contrasted with functional requirements that specify specific behavior or functions. And the product requirements have some additional attributes which are Efficiency Enable the system to perform under different situation or circumstance Reliability This could be very useful for ATM or ticket issuing system Usability This would help the user to access the system without any trouble or inconvenience Performance This is almost relevant to reliability and check the system is able to work or not in the different environment Space Requirement This part of product requirement is very useful for the ticket issuing system when the system is busy or full occupied with user needs. So there it is need to be expanded or stabilized number of machine at the station 8. Requirements Validation Process requirements validation is an integral part of software engineering. The main activity is to check requirements needed and available to start any particular project. As a consequence of requirements engineering however, the work products produced need to undergo an assessement for quality during a validation sequence. The purpose of requirements validation is to examine the specification to ensure that all software requirements have been stated unambiguously, such as consistencies, omissions, and error detected and corrected and that work products conform to the standards established for the process, the project and the product The primary requirements validation mechanism is the formal technical review. The review team that validates requirements includes software engineers, customers, user and others stakeholders who examine the specification looking for errors in content or interception, area may be clarification required. The process of requirements needs to check for consistency and completeness. During this process errors and inconsistencies will be identified and reduces future error. Basically the system should have requirement validation checklist which would help to the system to identify the accurate information which Are requirement started clearly and Can they be misinterpreted? Is the source of the requirement identified e.g. a person, a regulation, or a document and the final stamen been examined by the primary source? Is the requirement bounded by any quantities terms? What other requirements match to this requirement? Does the requirement violate any system domain? Properties of requirements validation are as follows: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Validity à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Consistency à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Completeness In order to validate the ticket issuing system requirements all the above properties of the requirements validation must be met. And when the user pay by card the system should validate whether it is valid for making the particular payment and validate the pin no which has accepted or not therefore the validation must work out with final product it could be ticket or receipt 10. The impact on cash payment After having input the payment type which is cash, in this instance the customer may not have the exact amount to make the payment. If the user is making payment with a note, the machine should prompt the customer to take his change. However, the machine could also have displayed the amount to be charged and change to be given to the customer.

Crime Relate on Television

Crime relate On Television The crime rate in many cities is rising alarmingly. Some people have the idea that violent TV programs are the cause of real crime. However, many others disagree that TV violence can be blame are supported by good reasons. Violent TV programs cause crime give many reasons. First, many viewers are children who have not fromed a strong understanding what is right and wrong. The viewers imitate what they see. If a person on TV gets what he or she wants by stealing it, a child may copy this behavior.Thus the child has learned unacceptable values. Second, many heroes in today's programs achieve their goals by violent means. Unfortunately, viewers might use similar means to achieve their objective. Finally, people get ideas about how to commit crimes from watching TV. Violent programs have no relation to crime rates. First they claim that social factors, such as unemployment and homeless are to blame. Second some argue that watching violence on TV is an aceptable way to reduce aggressive feeling.In other words, people may become less aggressive through viewing criminal and violent scenes. Third even though children learn by imitation, their parents are the most influential models. Finally the villains are usually punished for their crimes. Whether or not violent programs are a factor in the rising crime rate. Some TV programs have to remove for the following reasons. First, some people enjoy them, and those who can change channels or turn their TV off.Second violent programs can be censored, perhaps other programs which may be important for our well being will also be censored. There are many things parents can do to help their children not get affect by television violence. One of the things parents can do is limit the number of hours their children watch television. Instead of letting them sit in front of the TV and wasting their time way, they can go out and be active. They can join a club or sport where they can interact with other chil dren and be social.By go out and getting involved, the children are using their time very wisely and their parents do not have to worry about their children being influenced negatively. One of the problems facing this solution is children are sometimes lazy. They are not willing to go out active but rather sit on the couch and do nothing but relax. Children also need to realize that their parents are not trying to stop them for watching TV and making their life miserable, but trying to help them get active and be a balanced person. Children need to know that here are other sources of fun then just sitting home and watching television all day. Parents should guide what their children watch on television and how much. This is an old recommendation  that can be given new teeth with the help of modern technology. It is now feasible to fit a television set with an electronic lock that permits parents to preset which programs, channels, and times they wish the set to be available for, i f a particular program or time of day is locked. the set won't turn on for that time or channel.Television violence is harmful to viewers. TV violence is a negative impact on children. TV violence corrupts the mind of children, causes them to behave in an aggressive manner, and puts unrealistic pictures of the world in their mind. TV violence is having a negative effective on the teenager of America. Parents cannot limit the influence of television violence on children, but with the combine effort of parents and children, television violence can have little or no influence on the young people of America.

Theme of Love in Sonnets 18, 75 and 43

In Shakespeare's sonnet 18, Edmund Spenser's sonnet 75 and Elizabeth Barret Browning's sonnet 43 a key idea encompassed through all of them is the theme of love, which is portrayed using an array of language features most commonly figurative language. Shakespeare uses Figurative language to help himself portray the theme of love in sonnet 18 . â€Å"Shall I compare thee to a summers day? † at the start of the sonnet he asks a rhetorical question too himself if he is able to compare the beauty of his lover and his love for that person through a summer's day.But he decides against this instead using an extended metaphor to describe just how much better this person is compared to a summers day â€Å"Thou art more lovely and temperate. † This line in the sonnet means that this person is more lovely and constant than a summers day, he uses this extended metaphor to show exactly how much he is in love with this person, as the complete octet and two thirds of the sestet in the sonnet are dedicated to describing and making his lover sound perfect in every way.He then uses the last two lines of the sestet to explain to his lover that even when both of them are dead and gone beyond the grave, that they will still be famous because of his sonnet describing his love for that person. â€Å"So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and gives life to thee. † I believe that Shakespeare knew all these years ago that people will always fall in love and this is the key to this sonnet living on and in turn the person he wrote it for. In the same way Shakespeare is trying to immortalize his love through a sonnet using figurative language, Edmund Spencer does also. One day I wrote her name upon the strand, But came the waves and washed it -away† He is talking about how he is trying to write her name in the sand, but the waves a metaphor for time keep on destroying it meaning he has to do it again. â€Å"Again I tried to write it wit h a second hand, But came the tide, and made my pains his prey† He uses personification to make the tide sound like a predator and this helps with the visual imagery of time slowly destroying everything. This helps show truly how much he loves this women if he is willing to go against time to prove his love for her.It shows that he does not care about things like time and will do whatever it takes to make sure his love for his partner is immortalized and that she is forever known because of it. He reinforces his eternal love for her through the use of repetition in words like fame, eternize and glorious and this helps the reader understand the kind of the love that Edmund Spenser depicted through this sonnet so long ago. Quite like sonnet 18 I believe that Edmund knew that similar love to his own would always be around even if slightly watered down and that no matter what age people were in this sonnet would remain true for the timesFrom the first line of Elizabeth Barret Brow ning's sonnet 43 you already know she is talking about romantic love and she does this in the sonnet by using figurative language. â€Å"How do I love Thee† she starts off by asking herself a rhetorical question about the right way to love her partner, from this alone you can tell that she is deeply in love and wants to make sure she is perfect for him. She continues from there by using a metaphor to describe her love for him. â€Å"I love thee to depth and breadth and height† what she is saying through this metaphor is that she loves him in every way humanly possible for her and that she is his to love.She incorporates repetition as a way of explaining all the romantic ways in which she loves him. â€Å"I love thee freely, as men strive for right, I love thee purely as they turn from praise†¦ † Because of these language features a vivid image is portrayed of her love for him, and this makes it easier to understand what kind of message she is portraying thr ough the sonnet. To conclude sonnets 18,75 and 43 all share a key theme this theme is love. Love is depicted in all of these sonnets from the use of figurative language.Figurative language is used as it helps give the reader a vivid image of the love portrayed through these sonnets. Sonnet 18 is about someone who has fallen in love, sonnet 75 true love and sonnet 43 romantic love. yet even though they are three different types of love displayed, all three sonnets none written by the same person all talk about how because of their sonnet their lover will forever be famous and this has remained true. As even though man is in a new era people still and will probably always be affected by the overwhelming strength of love.

The Development of the Gothic Heroine - 1300 Words

The Development of the Gothic Heroine Although it is not uncommon for a protagonist to grow throughout the course of a novel, for them to develop to the degree where they wholly realize their potential, and then utilize it, is another thing all together. This type of development, while atypical, is often found within the heroines of gothic fiction, particularly the heroines of Jane Eyre and Wuthering Heights by Charlotte and Emily Brontà « respectively. While gothic fiction is typically remembered for combining the horror and romantic genres, it also contains some of the strongest heroines of 19th century literature. Much of the development done by gothic heroines can be traced into one generalized pattern. The heroine of Jane Eyre and†¦show more content†¦By utilizing their compassion, Jane and Cathy gain a rounder worldview and are able to face obstacles with more stoicism. Thus with this newfound perspective, the heroines continue on their journey to whole realizat ion of their potential. However, their compassion is not their only skill they discover. Jane and Cathy also learn how to display their courage when faced with difficult situations. Jane realizes the extent of her courage when she stands up to the headmaster at her school who is being especially cruel towards her. After being humiliated in front of her entire school, Jane describes feeling courageous for the first time as; â€Å"the new feeling bore me up! [†¦] I mastered the rising hysteria, lifted up my head and took a firm stand on the stool† (67). Additionally, Cathy attempts to escape from Heathcliff who is holding her hostage despite the fact that he would certainly kill her. She tells him that she must either â€Å"break or burn a way out of the house† (229). Although both heroines are facing situations of almost certain peril, they are able to face their opponents with a brave face. It is through realizing the extent of their courage, the heroine s take risks that they might have previously dismissed as irrational. By taking these risks that Jane and Cathy are able to overcome certain obstacles and continue to develop further as characters. Overall, by learning to hone their talents for compassion and courage, Jane andShow MoreRelatedComparing The Heroines Of Christabel And Northanger Abbey1514 Words   |  7 PagesComparing and Contrasting the Heroines of Christabel and Northanger Abbey The gothic heroine is perhaps the most stereotypical character in all of gothic fiction. The heroine is usually depicted as pure, innocent, fragile – the role of a passive ‘damsel in distress,’ unable to change her own fate within the story. Northanger Abbey’s Catherine Morland and Christabel’s Christabel both share similarities with and stark distinctions from this archetype in varying ways. Catherine’s story in truth doesRead MoreEssay on The Develoment of the Horror Genre1076 Words   |  5 Pages The term Gothic is significant for the understanding of the origins and development of the horror genre. Both of these genres differ, whilst Gothic literature is the text that explores the frightening extremes in mankind, horror focuses more on the unknown. The Gothic horror genre has changed over time and retains importance because it is the antecedent of the horror genre. Factors such as the definition of the word Gothic, the archetypes of the genre, and its social and historical contexts, haveRead More Catherine Morlands Coming of Age in Jane Austens Northanger Abbey1524 Words   |  7 PagesAusten first introduces Catherine as an unlikely heroine: No one who had ever seen Catherine Morland in her infancy, would have supposed her born to be [a] heroine (13). 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The Unusual Details About Task 2 Ielts Essay Samples That Some People are not Aware Of

The Unusual Details About Task 2 Ielts Essay Samples That Some People are not Aware Of There isn't any limit on the number of times each candidate can choose the test, so if you're unhappy with your results you're able to take it again. Knowing the common topics can allow you to get ready for the test better. If you're sick, your physician will run tests to figure out the precise cause of your symptoms. The speaking test includes 6 tasks. The Ultimate Task 2 Ielts Essay Samples Trick To secure great scores, you should have a strong vocabulary and the capacity to understand complicated sentences. Synonyms and collocations are rather important. Examples of very good collocation include prejudices a reasonable trial and tackle the difficulties. What You Should Do to Find Out About Task 2 Ielts Essay Samples Before You're Left Behind If you're more interested in the end result of the action, then use the easy aspect. A great conclusion ought to be an overview of your primary points. 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Whatever They Told You About Task 2 Ielts Essay Samples Is Dead Wrong...And Here's Why There are several smart scientists who don't have the funds to acquire important info to finish their research. There are an enormous number of internet resources, often with conf licting and inadequate high quality info, so locating a dependable supply of information is crucial. More research should be done before picking a particular supplier. On the flip side, it's apparent that the disadvantages of nuclear technology are significant both concerning weaponry and as a power resource. Our sample essay has a straightforward but fantastic introduction in which it demonstrates that the examinee has knowledge of this issue and clearly states the writer's position to prepare the remainder of the essay. You may be amazed at how simple the questions are! Even then, provide relevant answers and steer clear of rambling on about everything you may consider. 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Environmental Impacts Of Safe Drinking Water Essay

Summary The Flint Water Crisis is a current health and safety issue that is affecting thousands of Americans in Flint, Michigan. Residents of Flint are unable to use and trust the water from their taps due to high levels of contamination and lead exposure. Children and adults have both suffered from exposure to this water supply. Rashes and illness have been common across the city. The water crisis in Flint developed its start when the city stopped receiving their drinking water from Lake Huron and started tapping into the Flint river. Because of the many cost cutting measures, this change has lead to numerous environmental, economic, social, legal, ethical, and risk management concerns over how the Flint government handled this issue. Environmental Impacts Safe drinking water provisions is one of the most successful public health interventions that has helped developed our country. In the case of Flint Michigan however, ignorance of the risks of the unsuitable training of managers and staff that work on drinking water systems, has negatively impacted the community of over 95,000 people. Because of this, they are now facing serious environmental impacts. The water in Flint, Michigan has very toxic levels of lead. Lead poising can deeply affect a child’s development of the nervous system and the brain in irreversible ways. The children in Flint that were exposed to the lead are more likely to have lower IQs, as well as have a more difficult time paying attention than theShow MoreRelatedMarket Analysis : Trust Bridge Inc.1010 Words   |  5 PagesTrust Bridge Inc. Kazuhiko Konno Market Analysis Market Needs Safe Drinking Water at an Affordable Cost: Rural areas depend on private wells for drinking water all over the world. These people need safe and clean drinking water at affordable costs. 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Organization Behavior Business Encompass

Question: Describe about the Organization Behavior for Business Encompass. Answer: Introduction The need for development makes it essential for the management of an institution to analyze the current conditions and develop plans for implementation of new policies and regulations. Consequently, the expected modification process must encompass the support of the employees as a measure to prevent conflict and resistance of the proposed plans. However, discriminative change process more often leads to resistance from the employees, a factor that the leads to undesirable performances from the affected staffs. Thus, the paper discusses the effects of the open plan model that was introduced in Cheetham and Wynne law firm after the recruitment of new employees. The Reasons for the Resistance to Open-Office Plan In the case of open plan, several factors lead to the resistance of the proposed changes. Notably, Mai Ling opposed the change mainly because of the inconveniences that are associated with the new office layout. The discomforts included the lack of privacy that inhibited the employees from freely receiving calls that regard their social life. Observably, the change adversely affected the employees by making them continuously look for places to satisfy some of their needs like making calls from their spouses, purchase of airtime among other personal and confidential issues. Additionally, the new office could result in conflicts among the employees due to the inherent invasion of privacy that exists in an open office layout. For instance, Talanoa was concerned that some of the staff members were spying on him just because he was criticized for being on Facebook. The potential conflicts negatively impact on the working relationships of the employees that could ultimately result in reduc ed production regarding quantity and quality. The poor communication between the proposed new office hindered the acceptance of the change. Mark and Cathy only considered their father to be important when making the decision, and emailed the other members of the staff just one month before the change. As a result, members of the team might have developed a mindset that the change was aimed at fulfilling personal interests of the Mark and Cathy at the expense of the company. In such circumstances, some employees more often commit to seeing the change process fail and, therefore, oppose the proposed modification (Burnes, 2015). Constant change characterizes the business environment. As such, managers of the firm should put great emphasize on scanning the environment to identify meaningful changes that can improve the competitive advantage of the law firm. However, Catherine approach to identifying the change was inadequate. Analytically, they further developed a poor strategy to implement the change. A poor research in the identification of the modification and poor implementation plan is highly likely to attract resistance from the employees (Georgalis et al., 2015). Additionally, some members of the organization were of the opinion that particular members of the group were accorded special attention. Jack claim that there has never been equality between the new employees and the senior managers evident by the fact that the administrators blindly welcomed the idea of moving into the new office after the two people were given personal posts. The open discrimination significantly hinders the process of change. Employees at times resist change due to the fear of the unknown. When a modification is proposed, some people in the organization tend to be rigid to change because they do not know why the team needs the change. In such cases, the employees are more often comfortable with the current system. In the case of Open Plan, Owen claims that things changed and were no longer the way they used to be. Some senior officials further expressed the fear of losing status in the new office (De Jager, 2001). Suggested Actions for the Partners to Minimize Resistance The partners would have reduced the resistance significantly by involving the members in the decision process. Confident and efficient change management calls for employee participation plans of the organization. The staff more often has brilliant ideas that can help in developing their organizations and, therefore, the partners ought to have involved the workers in the process of making the decision to change the office. The participation would have made the staff feel important and valued in the law firm hence reducing the chances of resistance (Appelbaum et al., 2015) Moreover, the firm should have adequately communicated to the members. The senior managers should have organized meetings with a primary aim of the explaining to the staff the reasons why they had to change. Preferably, the staff needs to the current situation that makes the change vital. Proper communication significantly removes the fear that is associated with the modification and assures the employees the expected transition is for the benefit of the company and all its stakeholders. Change needs a comprehensive plan and strategy, a factor that the management of Cheetham and Wynne did not put into consideration. The managers should have developed a plan that details the requirements needed for efficient and decisive implementation of the changes. Remarkably, a budget is vital in the transition process to avoid investment in unnecessary changes. Specifically, the management should have carried out a cost- benefit analysis to determine whether the cost to be incurred when moving to the new office is worth. Moreover, the firm should have instilled a culture of change in the organization before executing the process of change. The shared beliefs of the members of an organization are important during the process of change. As such, the management should have influenced the mindset of the employees to be able to support the change. Additionally, the leadership skills and emotional intelligence is critical to the success of a transition process. In the case of Cheetham and Wynne, the change was introduced forcefully, a factor that fuelled the resistance. Therefore, the partners should have developed a democratic leadership style that comprises of individuals with high emotional skills. 2a: Barriers to Communication That Exist In the New Law Firm The presence of Indians and Chinese in the company is a major hindrance to effective communication. Notably, there exist cultural differences resulting in an undesirable interaction system. The weak interaction between the employees is further evident by Owen when he asserted that nobody recognized the joke about the Jewish lawyers. In an organization that has diverse culture, communication barriers are inevitable and therefore, the senior managers should put emphasize on efficient management of the different cultures that exists in the organization (Andersson, 2016) The team lacked a proper hierarchy which results in a breakdown of communication. The senior managers ought to have communicated the message of the new change systematically; however, this was not the case as Owen complained that the changes were experienced because the business is management by the children. This assertion portrays disconnect between the managers and the employees and improper flow of information given that the individual was also reporting talks of the secretaries (Haji-Kazemi et al., 2015). Moreover, other staffs indicated the lack of motivation and support due to the negative comments provided during the appraisals as asserted by John that some vital aspects of communication are carried out in a bar when the parties are under the influence of alcohol thus making the agreed deals to be hard to fulfill. Observably, the management failed to provide the employees with the needed feedback regarding the signed contracts. This irresponsible characteristic of the administration reveals the lack of sensitivity and poor communication system (Zimmerman Shelley, 2016) 2b: How to Overcome the Existing Barriers Communication barrier more often impacts negatively on the overall productivity of the company. As such, the management should put controls in place to reduce the unfavorable outcomes of poor communication. One of the most vital techniques of dealing with the barrier is through improving the listening skills and actively paying attention to the different thoughts and opinions presented by other colleagues. Through active listening, the staff members and the firm founders can listen and appreciate the message communicated (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). Furthermore, the senior managers of the organization should put measures in place to ensure that the personnel are not overloaded with information. The firm founders and other leaders should make sure that they prioritize their requirements to avoid overloading (Sherani et al., 2016). The four associates need to significantly increase the amount of time they spend with their workers, instead of spending much of their time playing golf and drinking. Increasing the amount of time with the employees will enable the partners to listen to their problems closely and ultimately solve their problems. Importantly, the partners should encourage feedback channels as well as the informal communication systems such as the grapevine communication (Cameron Green, 2015). Moreover, the workers and their bosses should always pay close attention to the use of body language during the communication process. They should watch their emotions and take enough care not allow their feelings distort the meaning of the intended message. For example, when an employee passes an important message sarcastically, the information is highly likely to be misinterpreted. Notably, the mood of the sender of the message significantly determines the interpretation by the receiver (Rudawska, 2013). The Sources of Power That the Partners Exercised The four partners have two primary sources of power, that is, legitimate authority and expert power. Expertise power mainly arises from the knowledge they have in law since they are graduates who are qualified in the field. The significance of this kind of power is to give the managers a status in the organization that further improves their control of the entire staff (Park Tzabbar, 2016) However, the most outstanding power in Cheetham and Wynne is the legitimate power that arises from the hierarchical positions that are held by the four partners in the organization. The two founders are primarily responsible for overseeing the entire operations of the company and are, therefore, tasked with the responsibility for making crucial decisions that relate to the activities of the law firm such as action on upgrading the office, hiring and firing workers among other duties. As mentioned in the case study, the two senior managers spend most of their time playing golf. This is made possible because of the legitimate power that makes the other employees respect them and do their work with minimum supervision. Notably, the ideas and opinions of the senior managers are highly regarded by the other employees and the power significantly influences their relationship with other employees (Baynes et al., 2016). Impacts of the Powers on Other Employees The expertise power makes the employees respect the ideas and opinions of the founders. The employees believe that the managers are experienced and know much about law. As such, if they are faced with a challenge in the course of duty, they find it comfortable and have the confidence to consult the senior managers. The legitimate power makes the workers follow the laid down rules and regulations. This kind of authority confers the top executives with leadership skills to command the workers. Mostly, the legitimate power makes the employees abide by all the commands and guidelines given to them by those in authority Tricks That Have Been Used By the Partners and Other Employees The establishment of a performance review strategy was one of the methods deployed by the partners. Performance review and appraisal is a valuable tool for motivation as it emotionally encourages the staff to work hard. The fact that the employee expects a report significantly helps them to put more effort and ultimately improves the overall performance of the workforce (Sirn et al., 2016). Moreover, the change to a new office was a trick to enable close supervision of the employees. The nature of an open office system allows the founders to learn more about the attitudes and behaviors of different employees. As such, they could easily monitor their actions and note their concerns by listening to their conversations. Moreover, the new office put pressure on the employees to work harder since their bosses can easily monitor their jobs (Ward Peppard, 2016). Additionally, the two founders carefully listened to their employees chats and later discuss them with the aim of noting their concerns. This trick enabled the senior executives to know what the employees think about them and importantly, the issues that affect the employees. Effectiveness of These Behaviors The use of performance reviews more often pushes the employees to work extra hard since they expect to be evaluated after some period. Therefore, the workers are required to improve their performance in cases where there are reviews The trick of listening to employees conversations improves the grapevine communication. The informal message networks in an organization are equally important and thus should be given attention. From the conservations, the founders learn more about their worker's behaviors and issues affecting their performance (Vangelova Stanchev, 2014). Finally, the new office layout is useful in ensuring close supervision, and maximum results could be realized if the change process could have been management positively and successfully with minimum resistance. Conclusion Change is an important aspect of an organizations growth. As such, comprehensive planning and employees participation in the change process is vital to reduce the resistance significantly. Moreover, communication barriers in any organization hinder the success of the business. Thus, emphasize should be put on eliminating the barriers to effective communication. References Andersson, A. (2016). Communication barriers in an interorganizational ERP-project.International Journal of Managing Projects in Business,9(1), 214-233. Appelbaum, S. H., Degbe, M. C., MacDonald, O., Nguyen-Quang, T. S. (2015). 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How do harmonious passion and obsessive passion moderate the influence of a CEO's change-oriented leadership on company performance?.The Leadership Quarterly. Vangelova, K., Stanchev, V. (2014). Stress, Visual and Musculoskeletal Complaints in Open Plan Office Staff.Acta Medica Bulgarica,41(1), 50-56. Ward, J., Peppard, J. (2016).The Strategic Management of Information Systems: Building a Digital Strategy. John Wiley Sons. Zimmerman, T. S., Shelley, A. (2016). Using Shared Journaling to Practice Communication Skills With Couples.Techniques for the Couple Therapist: Essential Interventions from the Experts, 13.