Omissions In A Ticket Issuing System

Omissions In A Ticket Issuing System The ticket issuing system does not offer many of the services to facilitate the purchase of tickets. A number of ambiguities and omissions have been found from the given scenario. The scenario given is not clear enough and looks like quite uncertain about the instructions to purchase a ticket. Even the payment procedures do not offer the user to choose the type of payment. The ambiguities and omissions found in the scenario are as follows: The system does not allow customers buy more than one ticket for the same destination at a time. It must prompt the user if the ticket can be purchased one at a time. Customer is more likely to input incorrect destinations and the system should allow user to cancel a request and purchase another ticket. After having input the destination the system will ask the customer to pay and would ask about which type of payment the user prefers. In this case, the system does not indicate as to how to respond if an invalid card is input. It must be able to respond and prompt the user if they try to put their card before selecting a destination. Do the customer need to press the start button if they wish to buy another ticket to a different destination. Or it allows customers with the choice of selecting other destinations between the stations where the machine is located. Ticket system is going to allow customers to input their destination through a touch screen or keyboard. The existing system does not allow the user to view the ticket prices. It is vital to publish the ticket prices accordingly, as customers need to know the amount that they will be charged. It does not show the train departure and arrival times, and whether the customer wishes to buy ticket for a specific train. It must allow customers to choose their seats. Finally, the system should prompt customer to print the receipt which includes the destination details and payment type. A receipt should have been issued to state whether the purchase has been made successfully. In the first paragraph, the system does not check for validation, such as when the user inserts their card, and the validity needs to be checked as to whether the payment could be made form that particular card. According to the second paragraph, when the user clicks on the start button, a menu of potential destinations pop up on the screen, along with a message asking the user to select a destination. Once a destination has been selected, users are prompted to input their credit card. However, the credit cards validity is checked and if the card is good, then user has ed to input a personal identifier as requested by the machine. The ticket is issued when the credit cards transaction has been validated successfully. In the second paragraph, the ticket system prompts the user with potential destinations whereas it could have provided with popular destinations. In such terminals popular destinations are normally displayed to help the user to select his destination quickly. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Usually an Underground or an Over ground cover any destinations which can be reached by interchanging and taking number of trains therefore the user should be able to purchase ticket in order to reach any destination. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ It could have also provided the user with a choice to search from a list of A-Z of stations. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ As mentioned before that there should be two types of payment methods à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The validation procedure involves both: validating the card as to whether the card is still valid in terms of not cancelled by the issuer due to fraud lost/stolen reasons. The second type of validity is the PIN validity. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ If both validations are successful then the issuer must authorise the payment in order to purchase the ticket. 2. Solutions identified To gain a clear and better understanding of the scenario, a more structured approach has been written as follows: User walks to a ticket machine and presses any button to activate a menu which displays a list of popular destinations accompanied by a message to select a destination. User can select their destination if listed in the popular destination; otherwise they can choose to search for their destination from a list of stations in the A-Z of stations. As user finds their desired destination they then can choose to have their preferred type of ticket, this can be such as: first/standard class ticket and/or return/single ticket. Once the destination and the type of ticket is selected the ticket machine prompts the user to make payment. There are two types of payments can be made, likely by card or cash. If the customer chooses to pay by cash, and it can be inserted into the machine in the form of notes or coins. If the exact amount is paid the ticket will be issued, if more than required is paid then the change will be given along with the ticket. If the customer chooses to pay by card as requested by the system, user can insert the card into the terminal. As the card is being inserted the validity of that card is checked with the issuer. Once the card is validated the user is then required to check the amount and enter the PIN in the terminal. The PIN is validated locally and upon correct entry of the PIN the ticket is issued along with the receipt and the cardholders account is charged accordingly with the correct amount. The aim of writing a structured approach gives a more clear understanding of the scenario and shows the events happen as a sequence. 3. User requirements definitions The User Requirement Specification specifies the requirements of the user taking the individual aspects into consideration in terms of ; the facility, equipment, and systems in terms of function, throughput, operability, and applicable standards, which are the functions to be carried out, the data on which the system will operate, and the operating environment. The user requirements for a system should describe the functional and non functional requirements so that they are understandable by system users without any technical knowledge. When we write the user requirement we should not write with technical forms, table or diagrams. We should write in simple language with simple table, forms and diagrams. 4. System Requirements Specifications System requirements specification assist potential users to determine if the system specified meets their needs or how the system must be modified to meet their needs. The system requirements help to consider all of the requirements before design begin. Careful reviews of the requirements reveal omissions, misunderstanding and inconsistencies. System requirements specification should be correct, unambiguous, complete, consistent, verifiable, modifiable, and traceable, specify performance, and define detailed functionality of the system. A specification can be in form of a written document, a set of graphical model, a formal mathematical model, and a collection of usage scenarios, prototype, or any combination of these. However, a standard template should be developed and use for a specification, arguing that this leads to requirements that are presented in a consistent and therefore more understandable manner. The requirement engineer gives final work product produced which is known as specification. It acts as the foundation for subsequent software engineering activities. It describes all the related functions and the performance of a computer based system and the constrains that will govern its development. In the given scenario, we would consider all the omissions and ambiguities. First of all, the system did not provide all the functionality which usually a ticket issuing system should contain. It does not function as it should and does not provide the user with any choice such as to cancel a ticket and buy another one. At times, there are new users who wish to purchase rail ticket from the machine and this system does not guide and provide any kind of help. Function: Issuing Ticket Description: Issuing the ticket when the user select their desired tickets and make the correct money Inputs: Destination, child or Adult, Pay by card or cash Output: Their desired ticket to be issued with their payment receipt Require: Money, form of payment Pre- Condition: Ticket will be validating between the user current place and the selected destination, otherwise user will have to pay the penalty fare. 5. Actions performed in the ticket-issuing system 6. Non-functional requirements The non functional requirements define system properties and constrains for an example reliability, response time and storage requirement. Constraints are I/O device capability, system representation, extra. Process requirement may also be specified mandating a particular CASE system, programming language. This non functional requirement may be more critical than function requirements. If these are not met the system is useless and the non functional requirement can be classified as three type of requirement 6.1 Product requirement these requirement specify that the delivered product must behave in a particular way for example execution speed, and reliability The user interface for Library system shall be implemented as simple HTML without frames or Java applets 6.2. Organisational requirements which are a consequence of organisational policies and procedures example for these, process standard used, implementation requirements The system development process and deliverables defined in XYZCo-SP-Stan-95 6.3. External requirements these could be from factors which are external to the system and its development process example interoperability requirements, legislative requirements. The system shall not disclose any personal information about customer apart from their name and reference number to the operator of the system After we discussed with all above mentioned Non-functional requirements, therefore we considered the product requirements should be determined for especially this scenario which include reliability and response time and should be contrasted with functional requirements that specify specific behavior or functions. And the product requirements have some additional attributes which are Efficiency Enable the system to perform under different situation or circumstance Reliability This could be very useful for ATM or ticket issuing system Usability This would help the user to access the system without any trouble or inconvenience Performance This is almost relevant to reliability and check the system is able to work or not in the different environment Space Requirement This part of product requirement is very useful for the ticket issuing system when the system is busy or full occupied with user needs. So there it is need to be expanded or stabilized number of machine at the station 8. Requirements Validation Process requirements validation is an integral part of software engineering. The main activity is to check requirements needed and available to start any particular project. As a consequence of requirements engineering however, the work products produced need to undergo an assessement for quality during a validation sequence. The purpose of requirements validation is to examine the specification to ensure that all software requirements have been stated unambiguously, such as consistencies, omissions, and error detected and corrected and that work products conform to the standards established for the process, the project and the product The primary requirements validation mechanism is the formal technical review. The review team that validates requirements includes software engineers, customers, user and others stakeholders who examine the specification looking for errors in content or interception, area may be clarification required. The process of requirements needs to check for consistency and completeness. During this process errors and inconsistencies will be identified and reduces future error. Basically the system should have requirement validation checklist which would help to the system to identify the accurate information which Are requirement started clearly and Can they be misinterpreted? Is the source of the requirement identified e.g. a person, a regulation, or a document and the final stamen been examined by the primary source? Is the requirement bounded by any quantities terms? What other requirements match to this requirement? Does the requirement violate any system domain? Properties of requirements validation are as follows: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Validity à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Consistency à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Completeness In order to validate the ticket issuing system requirements all the above properties of the requirements validation must be met. And when the user pay by card the system should validate whether it is valid for making the particular payment and validate the pin no which has accepted or not therefore the validation must work out with final product it could be ticket or receipt 10. The impact on cash payment After having input the payment type which is cash, in this instance the customer may not have the exact amount to make the payment. If the user is making payment with a note, the machine should prompt the customer to take his change. However, the machine could also have displayed the amount to be charged and change to be given to the customer.

Crime Relate on Television

Crime relate On Television The crime rate in many cities is rising alarmingly. Some people have the idea that violent TV programs are the cause of real crime. However, many others disagree that TV violence can be blame are supported by good reasons. Violent TV programs cause crime give many reasons. First, many viewers are children who have not fromed a strong understanding what is right and wrong. The viewers imitate what they see. If a person on TV gets what he or she wants by stealing it, a child may copy this behavior.Thus the child has learned unacceptable values. Second, many heroes in today's programs achieve their goals by violent means. Unfortunately, viewers might use similar means to achieve their objective. Finally, people get ideas about how to commit crimes from watching TV. Violent programs have no relation to crime rates. First they claim that social factors, such as unemployment and homeless are to blame. Second some argue that watching violence on TV is an aceptable way to reduce aggressive feeling.In other words, people may become less aggressive through viewing criminal and violent scenes. Third even though children learn by imitation, their parents are the most influential models. Finally the villains are usually punished for their crimes. Whether or not violent programs are a factor in the rising crime rate. Some TV programs have to remove for the following reasons. First, some people enjoy them, and those who can change channels or turn their TV off.Second violent programs can be censored, perhaps other programs which may be important for our well being will also be censored. There are many things parents can do to help their children not get affect by television violence. One of the things parents can do is limit the number of hours their children watch television. Instead of letting them sit in front of the TV and wasting their time way, they can go out and be active. They can join a club or sport where they can interact with other chil dren and be social.By go out and getting involved, the children are using their time very wisely and their parents do not have to worry about their children being influenced negatively. One of the problems facing this solution is children are sometimes lazy. They are not willing to go out active but rather sit on the couch and do nothing but relax. Children also need to realize that their parents are not trying to stop them for watching TV and making their life miserable, but trying to help them get active and be a balanced person. Children need to know that here are other sources of fun then just sitting home and watching television all day. Parents should guide what their children watch on television and how much. This is an old recommendation  that can be given new teeth with the help of modern technology. It is now feasible to fit a television set with an electronic lock that permits parents to preset which programs, channels, and times they wish the set to be available for, i f a particular program or time of day is locked. the set won't turn on for that time or channel.Television violence is harmful to viewers. TV violence is a negative impact on children. TV violence corrupts the mind of children, causes them to behave in an aggressive manner, and puts unrealistic pictures of the world in their mind. TV violence is having a negative effective on the teenager of America. Parents cannot limit the influence of television violence on children, but with the combine effort of parents and children, television violence can have little or no influence on the young people of America.

Theme of Love in Sonnets 18, 75 and 43

In Shakespeare's sonnet 18, Edmund Spenser's sonnet 75 and Elizabeth Barret Browning's sonnet 43 a key idea encompassed through all of them is the theme of love, which is portrayed using an array of language features most commonly figurative language. Shakespeare uses Figurative language to help himself portray the theme of love in sonnet 18 . â€Å"Shall I compare thee to a summers day? † at the start of the sonnet he asks a rhetorical question too himself if he is able to compare the beauty of his lover and his love for that person through a summer's day.But he decides against this instead using an extended metaphor to describe just how much better this person is compared to a summers day â€Å"Thou art more lovely and temperate. † This line in the sonnet means that this person is more lovely and constant than a summers day, he uses this extended metaphor to show exactly how much he is in love with this person, as the complete octet and two thirds of the sestet in the sonnet are dedicated to describing and making his lover sound perfect in every way.He then uses the last two lines of the sestet to explain to his lover that even when both of them are dead and gone beyond the grave, that they will still be famous because of his sonnet describing his love for that person. â€Å"So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and gives life to thee. † I believe that Shakespeare knew all these years ago that people will always fall in love and this is the key to this sonnet living on and in turn the person he wrote it for. In the same way Shakespeare is trying to immortalize his love through a sonnet using figurative language, Edmund Spencer does also. One day I wrote her name upon the strand, But came the waves and washed it -away† He is talking about how he is trying to write her name in the sand, but the waves a metaphor for time keep on destroying it meaning he has to do it again. â€Å"Again I tried to write it wit h a second hand, But came the tide, and made my pains his prey† He uses personification to make the tide sound like a predator and this helps with the visual imagery of time slowly destroying everything. This helps show truly how much he loves this women if he is willing to go against time to prove his love for her.It shows that he does not care about things like time and will do whatever it takes to make sure his love for his partner is immortalized and that she is forever known because of it. He reinforces his eternal love for her through the use of repetition in words like fame, eternize and glorious and this helps the reader understand the kind of the love that Edmund Spenser depicted through this sonnet so long ago. Quite like sonnet 18 I believe that Edmund knew that similar love to his own would always be around even if slightly watered down and that no matter what age people were in this sonnet would remain true for the timesFrom the first line of Elizabeth Barret Brow ning's sonnet 43 you already know she is talking about romantic love and she does this in the sonnet by using figurative language. â€Å"How do I love Thee† she starts off by asking herself a rhetorical question about the right way to love her partner, from this alone you can tell that she is deeply in love and wants to make sure she is perfect for him. She continues from there by using a metaphor to describe her love for him. â€Å"I love thee to depth and breadth and height† what she is saying through this metaphor is that she loves him in every way humanly possible for her and that she is his to love.She incorporates repetition as a way of explaining all the romantic ways in which she loves him. â€Å"I love thee freely, as men strive for right, I love thee purely as they turn from praise†¦ † Because of these language features a vivid image is portrayed of her love for him, and this makes it easier to understand what kind of message she is portraying thr ough the sonnet. To conclude sonnets 18,75 and 43 all share a key theme this theme is love. Love is depicted in all of these sonnets from the use of figurative language.Figurative language is used as it helps give the reader a vivid image of the love portrayed through these sonnets. Sonnet 18 is about someone who has fallen in love, sonnet 75 true love and sonnet 43 romantic love. yet even though they are three different types of love displayed, all three sonnets none written by the same person all talk about how because of their sonnet their lover will forever be famous and this has remained true. As even though man is in a new era people still and will probably always be affected by the overwhelming strength of love.

The Development of the Gothic Heroine - 1300 Words

The Development of the Gothic Heroine Although it is not uncommon for a protagonist to grow throughout the course of a novel, for them to develop to the degree where they wholly realize their potential, and then utilize it, is another thing all together. This type of development, while atypical, is often found within the heroines of gothic fiction, particularly the heroines of Jane Eyre and Wuthering Heights by Charlotte and Emily Brontà « respectively. While gothic fiction is typically remembered for combining the horror and romantic genres, it also contains some of the strongest heroines of 19th century literature. Much of the development done by gothic heroines can be traced into one generalized pattern. The heroine of Jane Eyre and†¦show more content†¦By utilizing their compassion, Jane and Cathy gain a rounder worldview and are able to face obstacles with more stoicism. Thus with this newfound perspective, the heroines continue on their journey to whole realizat ion of their potential. However, their compassion is not their only skill they discover. Jane and Cathy also learn how to display their courage when faced with difficult situations. Jane realizes the extent of her courage when she stands up to the headmaster at her school who is being especially cruel towards her. After being humiliated in front of her entire school, Jane describes feeling courageous for the first time as; â€Å"the new feeling bore me up! [†¦] I mastered the rising hysteria, lifted up my head and took a firm stand on the stool† (67). Additionally, Cathy attempts to escape from Heathcliff who is holding her hostage despite the fact that he would certainly kill her. She tells him that she must either â€Å"break or burn a way out of the house† (229). Although both heroines are facing situations of almost certain peril, they are able to face their opponents with a brave face. It is through realizing the extent of their courage, the heroine s take risks that they might have previously dismissed as irrational. By taking these risks that Jane and Cathy are able to overcome certain obstacles and continue to develop further as characters. Overall, by learning to hone their talents for compassion and courage, Jane andShow MoreRelatedComparing The Heroines Of Christabel And Northanger Abbey1514 Words   |  7 PagesComparing and Contrasting the Heroines of Christabel and Northanger Abbey The gothic heroine is perhaps the most stereotypical character in all of gothic fiction. The heroine is usually depicted as pure, innocent, fragile – the role of a passive ‘damsel in distress,’ unable to change her own fate within the story. Northanger Abbey’s Catherine Morland and Christabel’s Christabel both share similarities with and stark distinctions from this archetype in varying ways. 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